Bannu in KPK Pakistan

Bannu (Urdu: بنوں‎; Pashto: بنو‎ ; neighborhood Pashto vernacular: Bana or Banigul, Avestan Varəna), is the central city of the Bannu District in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Bannu was at one time a British army installation utilized for activity against Afghan fringe tribes. 

Occupants of Bannu are known as Banuchi, and talk a particular vernacular of Pashto.

History

The Avesta and Vendidad say Varəna, the old name of Bannu has one of the sixteen most lovely and flawless grounds made by Ahura Mazda. 

Bannu is noted by the Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini as the "recorded nation of Varnu" specified in the Mahāmāyūrī. 

In 602 CE, the Chinese traveler Xuanzang flown out to Varnu. 

Bannu is Hellenized to Aornos and said in the sections of Alexander the Great. 

Sheri Khan Tarakai alludes to the remains of an old settlement that was involved close present-day Bannu from the late fifth until the early third thousand years, BC.

Founding of Bannu Town

The town was established in 1848 by Herbert Benjamin Edwardes, a Lieutenant in the first Bengal European Fusiliers Regiment of the East India Company's private armed force. He requested the development of the fortification – named Dhulipgarh (Dalipgarh) to pay tribute to the Maharajah of Lahore – in the meantime. 

At the season of its establishing the town was named Dhulipnagar (Dalipnagar). Its name was later changed to Edwardesabad in 1869. In 1903, it got its present name, Bannu.

British Raj era

Bannu framed the base of operations for every single reformatory campaign embraced by troops of the British domain to the Tochi Valley and the Waziristan outskirts. A military street driven from the town of Bannu toward Dera Ismail Khan. This street was worked by military architects under the supervision of a Bannu design, Ram N. Mullick. Mullick, moved on from Banaras Engineering College had served in Iraq and Lahore before the autonomy of Pakistan in 1947 as a specialist in overwhelming earth-moving gear. 

The Imperial British Gazetteer depicted Bannu as: 

[The populace in 1901 was] 14,291, including cantonment and common lines (4,349). It was established in 1848 by Lieutenant (thereafter Sir Herbert) Edwardes, who chose the site for political reasons. The fortification, raised in the meantime, bore the name of Dhulipgarh (Dalipgarh), out of appreciation for the Maharaja of Lahore; and the bazar was otherwise called Dhulipnagar (Dalipnagar). A town step by step grew up around the bazar, and numerous Hindko speaking Hindu merchants moved there from Bazar Ahmad Khan, which had framed the business focus of the Bannu valley preceding extension. The Church Missionary Society bolsters a little church and a secondary school established in 1865. The cantonment focuses in the post of Dhulipgarh. Its army comprises of a mountain battery, a regiment of local rangers, and two regiments of infantry. The district was constituted in 1867.

The metropolitan receipts and use amid the ten years finishing 1903–1904 found the middle value of Rs. 46,000. In 1903–1904 the wage was Rs. 47,000 mainly determined fromoctroi; and the consumption was Rs. 55,000. The receipts and use of cantonment stores amid the ten years finishing 1902–3 arrived at the midpoint of Rs. 4,200 and Rs. 3,700. The plentiful water system and lacking waste of the encompassing fields render Bannu an unfortunate station. The town has an extensive exchange, including fish guts and butts. Likewise, grasping the entire movement in neighborhood deliver of the Bannu valley. The closest railroad station is at Kohat on the Khushalgarh-Thal branch of the North-Western Railway, 79 miles removed by street. A week by week reasonable gathers a normal number of 8,000 purchasers and merchants. The main articles of exchange are material, live-stock, fleece, cotton, tobacco and grain. Bannu has a dispensary and two secondary schools, an open library and a town corridor known as the Nicholson Memorial.

Mohmand Agency in Pakistan

The Mohmand Agency is a locale in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan created in 1951. Mohmand is limited by Bajaur Agency toward the north, Khyber Agency toward the south, Malakand and Charsadda areas toward the east and Peshawer locale toward the south east.

Population

• As indicated by the 2011 evaluation the populace is 600 - with a populace thickness of 171 people for every square kilometer. Momand office is the most crowded of all the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

War on Terror

Regardless of its appreciation for travelers, Mohmand Agency has been a zone of contention between Pakistan Army and some aggressor gatherings. In a current trade of flame between the two, media detailed that no less than 18 aggressors were murdered and 25 others were harmed. 

On September 16, 2011, security powers had cleared 90% of Mohmand Agency from the aggressors, ordinary life was reestablished and improvement exercises have been launched. The Pakistan Army keeps up a 8,200-man nearness in Mohmand Agency following military operations to clear the district of activists. 

In 2012, the Pakistani Army proclaimed full control of Mohmand office and de-told it as strife zone.

K2 Mountain in Pakistan

K2 Mountain 

K2, otherwise called Mount Godwin-Austen or Chhogori (Balti: چھوغوری), is the second most elevated mountain on the planet, afterMount Everest, at 8,611 meters (28,251 ft) above ocean level. It is situated on the China-Pakistan fringe between Baltistan, in theGilgit–Baltistan area of northern Pakistan, and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China. K2 is the most elevated purpose of the Karakoram extend and the most astounding point in both Pakistan and Xinjiang.

Name

Montgomerie's original sketch in which he applied the notation K2

The name K2 is gotten from the documentation utilized by the Great Trigonometric Survey of British India. Thomas Montgomerie made the primary review of the Karakoram from Mount Haramukh, about 210 km (130 miles) toward the south, and portrayed the two most noticeable pinnacles, naming them K1 and K2. 

The arrangement of the Great Trigonometric Survey was to utilize nearby names for mountains wherever conceivable and K1 was observed to be referred to locally as Masherbrum. K2, notwithstanding, showed up not to have procured a neighborhood name, conceivably because of its remoteness. The mountain is not obvious from Askole, the last town toward the south, or from the closest residence toward the north, and is just transitorily seen from the finish of the Baltoro Glacier, past which couple of nearby individuals would have ventured.The name Chogori, gotten from two Balti words, chhogo("big") and ri ("mountain")  has been proposed as a neighborhood name, however confirm for its across the board utilize is insufficient. It might have been a compound name imagined by Western adventurers or just a confounded answer to the inquiry "What's that called?" It does, nonetheless, frame the reason for the name Qogir (rearranged Chinese: 乔戈里峰;traditional Chinese: 喬戈里峰; pinyin: Qiáogēlǐ Fēng) by which Chinese specialists authoritatively allude to the pinnacle. Other nearby names have been recommended including Lamba Pahar("Tall Mountain" in Urdu) and Dapsang, yet are not broadly utilized. 

Without a nearby name, the name Mount Godwin-Austen was recommended, to pay tribute to Henry Godwin-Austen, an early traveler of the region, and keeping in mind that the name was dismisses by the Royal Geographical Society, it was utilized on a few maps, and keeps on being utilized once in a while. 

The surveyor's check, K2, in this manner keeps on being the name by which the mountain is usually known. It is currently likewise utilized as a part of the Balti dialect, rendered as Kechu orKetu. The Italian climber Fosco Maraini contended in his record of the rising of Gasherbrum IV that while the name of K2 owes its starting point to risk, its cut, indifferent nature is profoundly suitable for so remote and testing a mountain.

Geographical setting

Virtual flight around K2

K2 lies in the northwestern Karakoram Range. It is situated in the Baltistan area of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China.[a] The Tarim sedimentary bowl outskirts the range on the north and the Lesser Himalayas on the south. Dissolve waters from huge icy masses, for example, those south and east of K2, nourish farming in the valleys and contribute fundamentally to the territorial crisp water supply. 

K2 is only positioned 22nd by topographic unmistakable quality, a measure of a mountain's free stature, since it is a piece of the same expanded zone of inspire (counting the Karakoram, the Tibetan Plateau, and the Himalaya) as Mount Everest, in that it is conceivable to take after a way from K2 to Everest that goes no lower than 4,594 meters (15,072 ft), at Mustang Lo. Numerous different pinnacles, that are far lower than K2, are more autonomous in this sense. It is, be that as it may, the most noticeable top inside the Karakoram extend. 

K2 is striking for its neighborhood alleviation and in addition its aggregate stature. It remains more than 3,000 meters (9,840 ft) above a great part of the frigid valley bottoms at its base. It is a reliably soak pyramid, dropping rapidly in all headings. The north side is the steepest: there it ascends more than 3,200 meters (10,500 ft) over the K2 (Qogir) Glacier in just 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) of level separation. In many ways, it accomplishes more than 2,800 meters (9,200 ft) of vertical help in under 4,000 meters (13,000 ft). 

A 1986 campaign driven by George Wallerstein[19] made an erroneous estimation inaccurately demonstrating that K2 was taller than Mount Everest, and hence the tallest mountain on the planet. A redressed estimation was made in 1987, yet by that point the claim that K2 was the tallest mountain on the planet had officially made it into numerous news reports and reference works. 

Topography 

The mountains of K2 and Broad Peak, and the zone westbound to the lower ranges of Sarpo Laggo ice sheet comprise of transformative rocks, known as the K2 Gneiss and part of the Karakroam Metamorphic Complex. The K2 Gneiss comprises of a blend of orthogneiss and biotite-rich paragneiss. On the south and southeast face of K2, the orthogneiss comprises of a blend of a firmly foliated plagioclase-hornblende gneiss and a biotite-hornblende-K-feldspar orthogneiss, which has been meddled by garnet-mica leucograniticdikes. In places, the paragneisses incorporate clinopyroxene-hornblende-bearing psammites, garnet (grossular)- diopside marbles, and biotite-graphite phyllites. Close to the commemoration to the climbers, who have kicked the bucket on K2, above Base Camp on the south goad, thin unclean marbles with quartzites and mica schists, called the Gilkey-Puchoz grouping, are interbanded inside the orthogneisses. On the west face of Broad Peak and south goad of K2, lamprophyre barriers, which comprise of clinopyroxene and biotite-porphyritic vogesitesand minettes, have meddled the K2 gneiss. The K2 Gneiss is isolated from the encompassing sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of the encompassing Karakroam Metamorphic Complex by typical flaws. For instance, a blame isolates the K2 gneiss of the east face of K2 from limestones and slates containing adjacent Skyang Kangri. 

40Ar/39Ar ages of 115 to 120 million years back acquired from and geochemical investigations of the K2 Gneiss show that it is a transformed, more seasoned, Cretaceous, pre-collisional rock. The granitic antecedent (protolith) to the K2 Gneiss started as the consequence of the creation of huge assemblages of magma by a northward-plunging subduction zonealong what was the mainland edge of Asia around then and their interruption as batholiths into its lower mainland outside layer. Amid the underlying crash of the Asia and Indian plates, this granitic batholith was covered to profundities of around 20 kilometers (12 mi) or all the more, exceedingly transformed, profoundly distorted, and mostly remelted amid the Eocene Period to shape gneiss. Afterward, the K2 Gneiss was then barged in by leucogranite embankments lastly uncovered and elevated along major breakback push flaws amid post-Miocene time. The K2 Gneiss was uncovered as the whole K2-Broad Peak-Gasherbrum run experienced quick elevate with which disintegration rates have been not able keep pace.

Chitral Nature beauty in pakistan

Chitral (Urdu: چترال‎, Khowar: چھترار)

Chitral additionally spelled Chetrar, interpreted as field, is the capital of the Chitral District, arranged on the western bank of the Chitral River (likewise called Kunar River), in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It likewise filled in as the capital of theprincely province of Chitral until 1969. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the most elevated pinnacle of the Hindu Kush, which is 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a populace of 20,000.citation required The rise of the valley is 3,700 ft (1,100 m).

Tirich Mir Topa

History

The entire zone that now outlines the Chitral District was a totally self-ruling government until 1895, when the British masterminded a helper union with its hereditary ruler, the Mehtar, under which Chitral transformed into an imperial state, still sovereign however subject to the British Raj. Chitral held a similar status even after its expansion to Pakistan in 1969, however was completely intertwined into Pakistan and transformed into a definitive district of Pakistan in 1969. 

Nothing total is recorded about the town's first travelers. In the third century, Kanishka, the Buddhist pioneer of the Kushan domain, included Chitral. In the fourth century, the Chinese overran the valley. Raees lead over Chitral begun in 1320 and touched base at an end in the fifteenth century. From 1571 onwards Chitral was the space of the Kator Dynasty until 1969.. 

Geography and access

The City has a normal height of 1,500 m (4,921 ft). The most effortless access to Chitral, other than via air, is from the southwest along the Kunar Valley. However the Afghan-Pakistan outskirt (Durand Line) and cross fringe strains keep this from being utilized as an inward course to whatever is left of Pakistan. There are different courses are over high mountain goes; toward the south, the 3,200-meter (10,500 ft) Lowari Pass leads 365 kilometers (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the simplest course amid summer keeps running over the 3,798-meter (12,461 ft) Broghol pass. Toward the east, there is a 405 kilometers (252 mi) course to Gilgit over the 3,719-meter (12,201 ft) Shandur Pass. The domain is cut off by snow from whatever is left of the nation for up to six months per year, an issue destined to be eased by the finishing of the Lowari Tunnel 

Sports

Not at all like whatever is left of Pakistan where cricket commands, polo and soccer are more prominent in Chitral. Various game celebrations and competitions are held consistently. Chitral has additionally delivered some national players, for example, Muhammad Rasool who plays for the national football group.

Ziarat Natural Beautiful Place in Pakistan

Ziarat (Urdu: زیارت‎)

is the capital of Ziarat District, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. It is an occasion resort, and was the mid year home of the central chief of Balochistan and a sanatorium for European troops. It is 8,850 feet above ocean level and is situated around 125 km from Quetta. The encompassing slopes are lush and picturesque. The Khilafat Hills incorporate Ziarat's most elevated top, with a height of 11,400 feet (3,475 m). Most visitors visit in the late spring.

Juniper forest

Near to Ziarat is a juniper backwoods additionally called sanober, which includes the species Juniperus macropoda. 

The biosphere hold is home to the biggest territory of juniper backwoods (Juniperus excelsa) in Pakistan, covering around 110,000 hectares. It is trusted that the woodland is the second biggest of its kind in the world.[citation nePakistan's biggest juniper backwoods is situated in this hold. The biological system is of boundless incentive for biodiversity protection. It is likewise of extraordinary environmental importance, giving neighborhood, territorial, and worldwide advantages.

Tourist areas

Ziarat and the encompassing juniper valleys offer great open doors for climbing and trekking, and also different canyons. The city is additionally getting to be noticeably prevalent for an essence of snowfall amid the winter. 

Ziarat is the area of the Ziarat residency where Jinnah spent the most recent days of his life. The residency, developed in 1892, is a wooden structure with extraordinary compositional significance. It was initially intended to be a sanatorium, however was changed over into the mid year habitation of the Agent of the Governor General. It is currently a national landmark. The residency gets voyagers' consideration as a result of its area and bumpy environment.

Hotels

Hotels in Ziarat incorporate the PTDC Motel, Shalimar Hotel, Green Juniper Hotel, Paradise Hotel, and Classic Hotel. The PTDC Motel is arranged in the core of the town. Shalimar Hotel is the significant business settlement in Ziarat, and the main place that remaining parts open year-round, even in the brutal winters. Shalimar and PTDC are both on the fundamental street, however in inverse corners of the city; the Shalimar Hotel is at the passageway to the city when originating from Quetta. The Green Juniper Hotel has an eatery on the mountain, in favor of the valley street, from which the entire city can be seen.

Kalash Valley of Pakistan

KALASH VALLEY

The Kalash Valley are valleys in Chitral District in northern Pakistan. The valleys are encompassed by the Hindu Kush mountain extend. The occupants of the valley are the Kalash individuals, who have an exceptional culture, dialect and take after a type of antiquated Hinduism. All things considered, the Kalasha Valleys are a wellspring of fascination for Pakistani and in addition International vacationers. There are three principle valleys. The biggest and most crowded valley is Bumburet (Mumuret), come to by a street from Ayun in the Kunar Valley. Rumbur and Acholgah are side valleys north of Bumburet. The third valley, Biriu (Birir), is s side valley of the Kunar Valley south of Bumburet.

Kalash People

Kalash individuals are the littlest religious and in addition the ethnic minority of Pakistan. Their traditions and customs are conflicting to the Islamic and Pakistani culture. The Kalash religion is polytheist confidence and the general population offer penances for their divine beings. Their way of life is interlinked with their religion and in light of a few celebrations and festivities. The general population for the most part don't stir up with the neighborhood Muslims however nor are they threatening towards them. The general population are albeit under lawful and sacred security of the State of Pakistan yet confront a genuine risk from the Islamic Extremist aggressors in neighboring Afghanistan. A few people of the Kalash people group have likewise been coercively changed over to Islam. Numerous neighborhood and outside human rights activists and additionally numerous essential lawmakers, for example, Imran Khan have approached the legislature for insurance of the community.The Council of Islamic Ideology have likewise denounced the brutality pronouncing persuasive transformations and respect killings of non-Muslims as UnIslamic.

Gligit Valley in Pakistan

 Gilgit ( گلگت)

Gilgit is the Capital city of Gilgit-Baltistan, a managerial domain of Pakistan. The city of Gilgit constitutes a tehsil inside Gilgit District. The city's antiquated name was Sargin, later to be known as Gilit, and it is still alluded to as Gilit or Sargin-Gilit by neighborhood individuals. In the Burushaski dialect, it is named Geelt and in Wakhi and Khowar it is called Gilt. Ghallata is viewed as its name in antiquated Sanskrit.

History

Gilgit was a vital city on the Silk Road, along which Buddhism was spread from South Asia to whatever remains of Asia. It is considered as a Buddhism hall from which numerous Chinese ministers came to Kashmir to learn and lecture Buddhism.

Brogpas follow their settlement from Gilgit into the fruitful towns of Ladakh through a rich corpus of psalms, melodies, and old stories that have been gone down through eras. The Dards and Shinas show up in a number of the old Pauranic arrangements of people groups who lived in the district, with the previous additionally specified in Ptolemy's records of the area. Two celebrated explorers, Faxian and Xuanzang, navigated Gilgit as per their records.

Early history

The previous rulers had the title of Ra, and there is motivation to assume that they were at one time Hindus, yet throughout the previous five centuries and a half they have been Moslems. The names of the Hindu Ras have been lost, except for the remainder of their number, Shri Buddutt. Convention relates that he was slaughtered by a Mohammedan traveler, who wedded his little girl and established another line, since called Trakhàn, from an observed Ra named Trakhan, who ruled about the initiation of the fourteenth century. The past rulers—of whom Shri Buddutt was the last—were called Shahreis.