Abbottabad natural beauty of Pakistan

Abbottabad ((Urdu, Hindko: ایبٹ آباد  is a city situated in theHazara district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa territory, in northeastern Pakistan. The city is arranged in 110 kilometers (68 mi) north of the capital Islamabad, 130 kilometers (81 mi) from Rawalpindi and 150 kilometers (93 mi) upper east of Peshawar at an elevation of 1,260 meters (4,134 ft) and is the capital of the Abbottabad District. Kashmir deceives the east of the city. The city is outstanding all through Pakistan for its wonderful climate, elevated requirement instructive establishments and for facilitating the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul. It remains a well known slope station drawing in a huge number of voyagers consistently.

History

Abbottabad, was the central station of the Hazara District amid British principle of the Indian Subcontinent. It was named after Major James Abbott who established the town and area in January 1853 after the addition ofPunjab. He remained the primary Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara locale from 1849 until April 1853. Major Abbott is noted for having composed a ballad titled "Abbottabad", before he backpedaled to Britain, in which he composed of his affection for the town and his bitterness at leaving it. In the mid twentieth century, Abbottabad turned into a critical military cantonment andsanatorium, serving as the central command of a unit in the Second Division of the Northern Army Corps. The battalion comprised of four contingents of local infantry, of the Frontier Force (counting the fifth Gurkha Rifles) and two local mountain batteries.

In 1901, the number of inhabitants in the town and cantonment was 7,764 and the wage found the middle value of around Rs. 14,900. This expanded to Rs. 22,300 in 1903, mostly got from octroi. Amid this time boss open establishments were fabricated, for example, the Albert Victor unaided Anglo-Vernacular High School, the Municipal Anglo-Vernacular High School and the Government dispensary.[4] In 1911, the populace had ascended to 11,506 and the town likewise contained four contingents of Gurkhas. In June 1948, theBritish Red Cross opened a doctor's facility in Abbottabad to manage a huge number of patients who were being gotten from the Kashmir battling areas.

Recent history

In October 2005 Abbottabad was crushed by the Kashmir tremor. Albeit the greater part of Abbottabad survived, numerous more seasoned structures were decimated or seriously damaged. On 25 January 2011, Indonesian JI psychological militant Umar Patek who was needed in 2002 Bali bombings and additionally a progression of 2000 church bombings was captured in Abbottabad.

In May 2011, Abbottabad increased overall consideration when U.S. President Barack Obama reported that Osama receptacle Laden had been killed in his compound in the city. In February 2012, nine months after canister Laden was killed, Pakistani powers destroyed the compound where Osama container Laden had lived for years.

Geography

Location of Abbottabad within the district and province

The city is limited at all four sides by the Sarban slopes, from which inhabitants and vacationers can see amazing perspectives of the locale and city. The area of the city and the slopes permits Abbottabad to encounter charming climate in the mid year and icy winters. The Dor waterway streams south of Abbottabad through the town of Harnol, in the long run achieving Tarbela Dam, arranged west of Abbottabad. Neighboring areas are Mansehra toward the north, Muzaffarabad toward the east, Haripur toward the west andIslamabad Capital Territory toward the south.

Topography

Abbottabad is situated in the Orash Valley lying between 34°92′N latitude and 73°13′E longitude at an altitude of 4,120 feet (1,260 m). To the north is the picturesque Kaghan Valley.

Climate

Abbottabad has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm temperatures during the spring and autumn months, hot temperatures during June and July, and cool to mild temperatures during the winter. The temperature can rise as high as 38 °C (100 °F) during the mid-summer months and drop below −5 °C (23 °F) during the extreme cold waves. Snowfall occurs occasionally in December and January, though it is sparse, while the heavy rainfall events occurs during the monsoon season stretching from July to September that frequently cause flooding in lower lying parts of the city.

Peshawar beauty of Pakistan

Peshawar (Urdu: پشاور‎; Pashto: پېښور‎) is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa territory of Pakistan. It is the biggest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and as per the 1998 enumeration was the ninth-biggest city of Pakistan.Peshawar is a metropolitan city and the authoritative focus and monetary center point for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Peshawar is arranged in an expansive valley close to the eastern end of the Khyber Pass, near the Pak-Afghan fringe. Peshawar is inundated by different channels of the Kabul River and by its right tributary, the Bara River.

Peshawar's written history goes back to no less than 539 BC, making it the most established city in Pakistan and one of the most seasoned in South Asia.

History

Bala Hisar Fort

Khyber Pass

Old Peshawar

History of Peshawar

Peshawar was referred to in Sanskrit as Puruṣapura (पुरूषपुर), actually signifying "city of men".[a] It additionally discovered notice in the Zend Avesta as Vaēkərəta, the seventh most wonderful spot on earth made by Ahura Mazda It was known as the "crown gem" of Bactria furthermore held influence over Takshashila (advanced Taxila). Being among the most antiquated urban communities of the district amongst Central and South Asia, Peshawar has for quite a long time been a focal point of exchange betweenBactria, South Asia and Central Asia. As an old focal point of taking in, the second century BC. Bakhshali Manuscriptused in the Bakhshali estimate was discovered nearby.

Vedic mythology alludes to an antiquated settlement called Pushkalavati in the range, after Pushkal, in the blink of an eye known as Charsadda. In written history, the most punctual significant city set up in the general territory of Peshawar was called Puruṣapura (Sanskrit for City of Men), from which the present name "Peshawar" is likely inferred and was western capital of Ghandhara human progress after Pushkalavati.

The zone that Peshawar possesses was then seized by the Greco-Bactrian lord, Eucratides (170 – 159 BC), and was controlled by a progression of Greco-Bactrian, and later, Indo-Greek rulers, who decided a domain that topographically spread over from the range of present-day Afghanistan to North India. Later, the city was ruled by a few Parthian andIndo-Parthian lords, another gathering of Iranian people groups relevant to the locale, the most acclaimed of whom, Gondophares, ruled the city and its environs, beginning in around AD 46; the time of tenet by Gondophares was quickly trailed by a few of his relatives, before they were uprooted by the first of the "Incomparable Kushans", Kujula Kadphises, around the center of the first century AD.

As indicated by the history specialist, Tertius Chandler, Peshawar comprised of a populace of 120,000 in the year AD 100, making it a noteworthy city and the seventh-most crowded city on the planet at the time.

Gandharan Peshawar (c. 127–1001)

The city was then vanquished by the Kushans, a Central Asian tribe of Tocharian beginning. The Kushan King Kanishka the Great, who ruled from AD 127, moved the capital from Pushkalavati (present-day Charsadda locale, in the Peshawar Valley) to Gandhara (Peshawar city) in the second century AD.

The goliath Kanishka stupa at Peshawar, which was one of the tallest structures on the planet at the time, was worked by King Kanishka to house Buddhist relics simply outside the present-day Ganj Gate of the old city of Peshawar. The Kanishka stupa was said to be a forcing structure, as one went down from the Hindu Kush mountains onto the Gandharan fields. The most punctual record of the acclaimed building was archived by Faxian, the ChineseBuddhist explorer, who was likewise a minister, who went by the structure in AD 400 and depicted it as being more than 40chang in tallness (around 120 meters (390 ft)) and decorated "with every valuable substance". A jeweled coffin containing relics of the Gautama Buddha, and an engraving distinguishing Kanishka as the contributor, existed at the demolished base of this goliath stupa — the coffin was unearthed, by a group administered by Dr D.B. Spooner in 1909, from a chamber under the extremely focal point of the stupa's base.

Muslim triumph

The Buddhist and Zoroastrian Pashtuns started changing over to Islam taking after the early extension by the Arab Empire from Khurasan (in what is Afghanistan,Turkmenistan and northeastern Iran) and the attacks into the subcontinent.[citation needed] This finished until the end of the Hindu Shahis.

Mughal guideline (1451–1747)

Peshawar was a northwestern territorial focal point of the Pashtun Lodi Empire which was established by Bahlul Lodi in 1451 and focused at Delhi. Peshawar was additionally joined into the Mughal spaces by the center of the sixteenth century. The originator of the Mughul administration that would vanquish South Asia, Babur, who hailed from the zone that is right now Uzbekistan, touched base in Peshawar and established a city called Bagram, where he remade a stronghold in AD 1530. The Muslim technocrats,bureaucrats, officers, merchants, researchers, draftsmen, instructors, scholars and Sufis ran from whatever is left of the Muslim world to the Islamic Sultanate in South Asia, with numerous settling in the Peshawar region.

Durrani Peshawar (1747–1818)

As Mughal force declined in 1747, after a loya jirga, Peshawar would join the Pashtun Durrani Empire of Ahmad Shah Durrani.[15] Peshawar was assaulted and quickly held by the Maratha Empire of western India, which vanquished Peshawar on 8 May 1758. A substantial power of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani then re-vanquished Peshawar in mid 1759. Peshawar stayed under Afghan (Durrani) guideline till the victory by the Sikhs in 1818.

In 1776, Ahmad Shah's child, Timur Shah Durrani, picked Peshawar as his winter capital and the Bala Hissar Fort in Peshawar was utilized as the living arrangement of Durrani rulers. Pashtuns from Peshawar took an interest in the attacks of South Asia amid the Durrani Empire. Peshawar remained the winter capital until the Sikhsof the Punjab locale rose to control in the mid nineteenth century.

Sikh triumph (1818–1849)

Until 1818, Peshawar was controlled by Afghanistan, however was attacked by the Sikh Empire of Lahore. The landing of a gathering drove by British pioneer and previous specialist of the East India Company, William Moorcroft was seen as leeway, both in dealings with Kabul and for insurance against the Sikhs of Lahore. Moorcroft proceeded to Kabul in the organization of Peshawari stallions and thereupon to the Hindu Kush. In 1818, Peshawar was caught by Maharaja Ranjit Singh and paid an ostensible tribute until it was at long last attached in 1834 by the Sikhs, after which the city fell into steep decay. A considerable lot of Peshawar's renowned Mosques and patio nurseries were wrecked by the Sikhs right now. An Italian was named by the Sikhs as executive. Following up in the interest of the Sikhs, Paolo Avitabile, unleashed a rule of apprehension – his time in Peshawar is known as a period of "hangman's tree and gibbets." The city's acclaimed Mahabat Khan, worked in 1630 in the Jeweler's Bazaar, was seriously harmed and despoiled by the Sikh conquerors.

The Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh and Gurdwara Bhai Beeba Singh were developed in the city by Hari Singh Nalwa to suit the inundation of Sikh outsiders from the Punjab. While the city's Sikh populace definitely declined after the parcel of British India, Peshawar's Sikh people group has re-set up itself, supported by Sikh displaced people and by roughly 4,000 evacuees from the Tribal Areas; in 2008, the biggest Sikh populace in the Pakistan was situated in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sikhs in Peshawar self-recognize as Pashtuns and communicate in Pashto as their mom tongues.

English Empire (1849–1947)

Taking after the thrashing of the Sikhs in the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849, domains in the Punjab were likewise caught by the British East India Company. Amid theSepoy Rebellion of 1857, the 4,000 individuals from the local battalion were incapacitated without bloodshed; the nonappearance of severity implied that Peshawar was not influenced by the far reaching decimation that was experienced all through whatever is left of British India and neighborhood chieftains agreed with the British after the incident.British control stayed limited to the city dividers as immense districts of the Frontier region outside the city were guaranteed by the Kingdom of Afghanistan. The immeasurable uneven ranges outside of the city were mapped out just in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand, remote secretary of the British Indian government, who collaborativelydemarcated the limit of British-controlled territories with the Afghan ruler at the time, Abdur Rahman Khan.

10,000 foot perspective of Islamia College University

The British laid out the limitless Peshawar Cantonment toward the west of the city in 1868, and made the city its wilderness central command. Moreover, a few tasks were started in Peshawar, including linkage of the city by railroad to whatever remains of British India and redesign of the Mohabbat Khan mosque that had been spoiled by the Sikhs. The British likewise developed Cunningham clock tower, in festivity of the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and, in 1906, built Victoria Hall (now home of the Peshawar Museum) in memory of Queen Victoria. The British significantly added to the foundation of Western-style instruction in Peshawar with the foundation of Edwardes College and Islamia College in 1901 and 1913, separately—these were built up notwithstanding various different schools, a hefty portion of which are controlled by theAnglican Church. For better organization of the area, Peshawar and the connecting regions were isolated from the Punjab Province in 1901.

Edwardes College, Peshawar

Peshawar developed as an inside for both Hindko and Pashtun scholarly people. Hindko speakers, additionally alluded to as Khaarian("city inhabitants" in Pashto), were in charge of the predominant society for more often than not that Peshawar was under British principle. Where as before it was the Pashtuns and Mughals who improved and conveyed society to the area, until the Sikhs brought the city to

Buner District in Pakistan

Buner District (Pashto: د بونیر ولسوالی‎) is a district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

History

The Buner Valley lies on the Peshawar valley border of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is a small mountain valley, dotted with villages and divided into four sub-divisions. The Mora Hills and the Ilam range divide it from the Swat Valley, the Sinawar range from Yusafzai, the Guru mountains from the MARDAN valley, and the Duma range from the Puran Valley. During the 19th century the inhabitants rose twice against the British, but submitted in 1897.
In April 2009, the Taliban seized control of Buner, after a brief battle with local residents. Strict rules were reportedly being  enforced, including the elimination of video stores, bans  

        The grave of Pir Baba
on cutting beards, and the prevention of women from appearing
in many public places. On 29 April the government responded to the
Taliban by sending the army to the region and dropping parachutists by helicopter. By the end of May 2009, almost all of Buner was cleared of the Taliban.
On November 2, 2012, a bomb attack killed local anti-Taliban politician Fateh Khan, an ex-leader of the secular Awami National Party and three of his guards as his car left a petrol station. Several people were also injured. According to Pakistan's Express Tribune, Mr Khan was a former ANP leader who had recently joined the Qaumi Watan Party. Mr Khan was also the head of a local tribal anti-Taliban force.

Administration

The district is divided into six tehsils:

• Daggar. (District headquarters)
• Gadezai
• Gagra
• Totalai
• Mandanr
• Salarzai
• chagharzai

Murree in Pakistan

Murree (Punjabi, Urdu: مری‎, "marī", meaning "apex") is an exurb of Islamabad and the administrative centre of Murree Tehsil, in the Punjab province in Pakistan. It is in a subdivision of Rawalpindi District and includes the parts of the Margalla Hills around Islamabad. It is located in the Pir Panjal Range, some 60 km (37 mi) northeast of Islamabad and Rawalpindi via the Murree Road.

Murree was the summer capital of the Punjab Province of British India until 1864. The hill station is a popular getaway destination for Islamabad's populace. It is located on the southern slopes of the Western Himalayan foothills as they ascend northeastwards at an average altitude of 2,291 metres (7,516 ft). It experiences pleasant summers and cold, snowy winters. The city is noted for its Tudorbethan and neo-gothic architecture dating from the colonial era.

History

Murree or Marhee as it was then called, was first identified as a potential hill station by Major James Abbott (Indian Army officer) in 1847. 

The town's early development was in 1851 by President of the Punjab Administrative Board, Sir Henry Lawrence. It was originally established as a sanatorium for British troops garrisoned on the Afghan frontier. Officially, the municipality was created in 1850.

The permanent town of Murree was constructed at Sunnybank in 1853. The church was sanctified in May 1857, and the main road, Jinnah Road, originally known as Mall Road and still commonly referred to as "The Mall"), was built. The most significant commercial establishments, the Post Office, general merchants with European goods, tailors and a millinery, were established opposite the church. Until 1947, access to Mall Road was restricted for "natives" (non-Europeans).

In the summer of 1857, a rebellion against the British broke out. The local tribes of Murree and Hazara, including the Dhund Abbasis and others, attacked the depleted British Army garrison in Murree; however, the tribes were ultimately overcome by the British and capitulated. From 1873 to 1875, Murree was the summer headquarters of the Punjab local government; after 1876 the headquarters were moved to Shimla.

The railway connection with Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province, via Rawalpindi, made Murree a popular resort for Punjab officials, and the villas and other houses erected for the accommodation of English families gave it a European aspect. The houses crowned the summit and sides of an irregular ridge, the neighbouring hills were covered during the summer with encampments of British troops, while the station itself was filled with European visitors from the plains and travellers to Kashmir. It was connected with Rawalpindi by a service of tangas.

It was described in the Gazetteer of Rawalpindi District, 1893–94.

Buildings

The Sindh House

Islam is the main religion of Murree, however Christian churches from the British era can still be found in Murree and Nathia Gali. There is an Anglican church, built in 1857, located at the centre of the town, which is still used as a place of worship. Many houses around the church are still standing, functioning mostly as hotels. Old traditional restaurants have been replaced by fast-food shops and newer restaurants.

Tourism

Murree's hills, seen from Bhurban tourists.

The Murree Galliat region is known for its scenic vistas of pine- and oak-covered mountains, criss-crossed with springs and rivulets and dotted with lawns and orchards. On clear days a good view of the snowy peaks of Kashmir is possible, and the crest of Nanga Parbat can sometimes be seen. Tourist attractions in the area include the Murree Wildlife Park.Whereas Arjun Bhandari, a senior journalist of Nepal, says the place looks like Nagarkot, a tourist destination of Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Patriata (also called New Murree), is one of the pivotal attractions of Murree. This place, which is 15 km away from Murree Hills, is famous for its chairlift that gives a bird-eye view of the Kashmirgreen hills. It is at the highest point of Murree Hills that subsequently makes it the highest point of Punjab as well. Ayubia is also a center of attraction in Murree, which comprises four hill stations including Khanspur, Ghor Daka, Changla Gali, Khairagali. Ayubia Chairlift and shops offering cultural shawls, caps and necklaces are the major appeal of this place. Scenic Nathiagali, situated in Abbottabad at a distance of 2500m from Murree, is popular for its maple, pine, walnut and oak trees. Mall road in Murree is the center of major economic activities. The entire road is full of shops selling a multitude of things for the tourists. Major Banks, hotels and restaurants are situated at Mall Road.

Murree is one of the largest resort towns in the Galyat region of Pakistan, and is the municipal capital of Murree Tehsil, an administrative division of the Rawalpindi District. As well as being tehsil headquarters, Murree is also a Union Council, bounded to the north by Darya Gali and Rawat, to the west by Ghora Gali and Tret, to the south by Numbal and Mussiari, and to the east by Ghel and Angoori.

Mardan natural beauty in Pakistan

Mardan

Pictures of Mardan; Photos of Mardan; Photo of 

Buddhist Monastery at Takht Bai near

Mardan (Urdu: مردان‎) is a city and headquarters of Mardan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.The name Mardan was given to a small area after the name of Pir Mardan Shah, a prominent religious figure. Gradually, a large surrounding area came to be known as Mardan. The area constituting Mardan district is part of Peshawar valley, which first appears in history as part of Gandhara Kingdom. Until 1937, Mardan district was a part of Peshawar district. In 1937, Mardan was set up as an independent district after the name of its headquarter's town.^[2] Mardan is the 19th largest city of Pakistan.^[3] It is the de facto headquarters of the Yousafzai tribe, although a significant number of Momands have settled there over the past years. It is the second most populous city in the province,^[1] located in the south west of the district at 34°12'0N 72°1'60E and an Dwellings.

Mardan مردان
Country	Pakistan
Province	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
District	Mardan division
Tehsil	Mardan
Area
• Total	632 km2 (244 sq mi)
Population (2009)
• Total	340,898
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
Calling code	+92 937

The villages are divided into Kandis have congested house. Each kandi is further occupied by sub-section. The divisions of Kandis are on the pattern of agricultural lands. Their houses are generally consists of two or three rooms and a court-yard turned as ghollai and varandah. The cattle and poultry are also accommodated beside the family home.

Each Kandi of the village has its own mosque and its own Maulvi and a place of meeting or for public assembly called Hujra. In most cases it is the property of elders of the Kandi; who are expected to feed and give shelter to visitors/travelers. These Hujras are commonly used for the settlement of public disputes/business during public meetings. Residents of Kandi assemble there to smoke, hear news of the day and discuss their problems and politics. In recent times people working abroad have accumulated sufficient wealth which has brought a distinct change in the life of the villagers who now often construct studier houses than before.

A Tandoor (Oven) is also found for baking bread in many houses and sometimes many women assemble at one Tandoor (Oven) to bake communally. Often local houses have huge compound walls around with gates. Chairs and tables are used in the houses of well-to-do persons whereas others use the ordinary cot (Charpoy).