ATTOCK:
(Punjabi, Urdu: اٹک) some time ago Campbellpur, is a city situated in northern piece of Punjab area of Pakistan (supposed Panjistan locale) the central command of Attock District. In the 1901 statistics, Attock was accounted for to have had a populace of 2866 individuals, a figure which has developed significantly amid the twentieth century with 69,588 detailed in the 1998 registration and contemporary assessments moving toward 100,000.
It is situated on the bank of the Indus, 80 km (50 mi) from Rawalpindi, 100 km (62 mi) from Peshawar, and 10 km (6 mi) from the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Kamra.
HISTORY:
Gandhara was an antiquated kingdom reaching out to the Swat valley and the Potohar level locales of Pakistan and additionally the Jalalabad region of northeastern Afghanistan. Arranged on the back of the center Indus River, the locale had Takshashila and Peshawar as its main urban areas. It was vanquished by the Persian Empire and later in 327 BC by Alexander the Great. The area involved by Chandragupta, organizer of the Maurya realm, in the late fourth century BC, and under Ashoka was changed over in the mid-third century BC to Buddhism. It was a piece of Bactria from the late third century to the first century BC. Under the Kushan administration (first century– third century AD), and particularly under Kanishka, Gandhara built up a prominent school of figure, comprising principally of pictures of the Buddha and reliefs speaking to scenes from Buddhist writings, yet with checked Greco-Roman components of style. The work of art prospered in Gandhara until the fifth century, when the area was vanquished by the Huns. The entire district shaped piece of the Kingdom of Ederatides the Greek, who broadened his control over western Punjab. The Indo-Greek lords held the nation after him, being finally expelled (around 80 B.C.) by the Indo-Scythians. At the point when the Chinese explorer Xuanzang went to the Attock locale in 630 A.D. also, again in 643 A.D., he announced that Buddhism was declining in the locale.
In the mid eleventh century, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi propelled seventeen undertakings into South Asia. In 1001, he crushed Raja Jayapala of the Hindu Shahi Dynasty of Gandhara in the Battle of Peshawar and walked advance into Peshawar and, in 1005, made it the inside for his realm. Attock turned out to be a piece of the Ghaznavid Empire.
The Attock fortification was finished in 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi, a priest of Emperor Akbar.
The Battle of Attock occurred on 28 April 1758 between Indian Maratha Kingdom and the Durrani Empire. The Marathas under Raghunathrao Ballal Peshwa and Maharaja Tukojirao Holkar Bahadur were successful in the fight and Attock was caught. On 8 May 1758, the Marathas vanquished Durrani powers in the Battle of Peshawar and caught the city of Peshawar. Marathas had now achieved the Afghanistan outskirt. Ahmad Shah Durrani got frightened with this accomplishment of Marathas and began intending to recover his lost domains.
After the decay of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs attacked and involved Attock District. The Sikhs built up religious opportunity and regarded the local Muslims. The Sikh Kingdom (1799– 1849) under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780– 1839) caught the fortification of Attock in 1813 from the Afghan Kingdom. In 1849, Attock was vanquished by the British who made Campbellpur District.
The city's establishments were laid in 1903, and it was named Campbellpur after Sir Colin Campbell. It was set up close Attock fortress that had watched the real courses towards Central Asia. The region was made in April 1904 by the merger of Talagang Tehsil in the Jhelum District with the Pindigheb, Fateh Jang and Attock tehsils from Rawalpindi District of the Punjab region of British Raj.
Attock's first oil well was penetrated in Khaur in 1915. It has an oil and gas field Dakhini close Jand. Dhurnal and Sadkal in Tehsil Fateh Jang.
The overwhelmingly Muslim populace upheld the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement. After the freedom of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs emigrated to India, while Muslim exiles from India settled in Attock. The Pakistani Government renamed Campbellpur as Attock in 1978.
